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awk

awk '!NF || !seen[$0]++'
awk '!(NF && seen[$0]++)'
awk '!/./ || !seen[$0]++'
awk '!(NF && seen[$0]++)'

awk '{print $0}' /some/file

Convert to lowercase and print line 2

awk 'NR==2 {print toupper($0)}' /etc/os-release

Convert to lowercase and print line 2

awk 'NR==2 {print tolower($0)}' /etc/os-release

Find all lines that begins on Example and delete one line below

awk '/^Example:/ { getline; next } 1' file.txt